SHUTDOWN: waiting for active calls to complete

Below message found in "alert.log" file when shutdown immediate hung for long time

Active call for process 4448 user 'SYSTEM' program 'ORACLE.EXE (J001)'
SHUTDOWN: waiting for active calls to complete.

when SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE HUNG with above message means PMON process is unable to clear any uncommited transaction and oracle hung for long time.

Suggestion :

1. connect to SYS user with new terminal window

SQL> conn / sysdba
Connected to idle instance.
2. shutdown database with ABORT option

SQL> shutdown abort;
ORACLE instance shut down.
3. open database for normal shutdown with RESTRICT option

SQL> startup restrict
ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 167772160 bytes
Fixed Size 788496 bytes
Variable Size 149682160 bytes
Database Buffers 16777216 bytes
Redo Buffers 524288 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
4. now shutdown database with NORMAL option

SQL> shutdown normal;
Database closed.
Database dismounted.
ORACLE instance shut down.

Wed Aug  1 11:02:16 2012
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled
Shutting down instance (normal)
License high water mark = 127
Wed Aug  1 11:07:21 2012
Active process 24794 user 'oraprod' program 'oracle@wmoprod (P000)'
Active process 24796 user 'oraprod' program 'oracle@wmoprod (P001)'
Active process 24787 user 'oraprod' program 'oracle@wmoprod (TNS V1-V3)'
SHUTDOWN: waiting for logins to complete.
Wed Aug  1 11:28:13 2012
Shutting down instance (abort)
License high water mark = 127
Instance terminated by USER, pid = 12803
Wed Aug  1 11:28:20 2012
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0
LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0
SCN scheme 1
Using log_archive_dest parameter default value
LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0
SYS auditing is disabled
Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 9.2.0.8.0.
System parameters with non-default values:
  _trace_files_public      = TRUE
  processes                = 200
  sessions                 = 400
  timed_statistics         = TRUE
  shared_pool_size         = 301989888
  shared_pool_reserved_size= 30000000
  _shared_pool_reserved_min_alloc= 4100
  java_pool_size           = 67108864
  enqueue_resources        = 32000
  nls_language             = american
  nls_territory            = america
  nls_sort                 = binary
  nls_date_format          = DD-MON-RR
  nls_numeric_characters   = .,
  nls_comp                 = binary
  nls_length_semantics     = BYTE
  control_files            = /orad02/proddata/cntrl01.dbf, /orad03/proddata/cntrl02.dbf, /orad04/proddata/cntrl03.dbf
  db_block_checksum        = TRUE
  db_block_size            = 8192
  db_cache_size            = 167772160
  compatible               = 9.2.0
  log_buffer               = 10485760
  log_checkpoint_interval  = 100000
  log_checkpoint_timeout   = 1200
  db_files                 = 512
  db_file_multiblock_read_count= 8
  log_checkpoints_to_alert = TRUE
  dml_locks                = 10000
  row_locking              = always
  undo_management          = AUTO
  undo_tablespace          = APPS_UNDOTS1
  undo_suppress_errors     = FALSE
  undo_retention           = 1800
  db_block_checking        = FALSE
  max_enabled_roles        = 100
  O7_DICTIONARY_ACCESSIBILITY= FALSE
  session_cached_cursors   = 200
  utl_file_dir             = /usr/tmp, /usr/tmp, /orad01/proddb/9.2.0/appsutil/outbound/WMPROD_wmoprod, /usr/tmp
  job_queue_processes      = 2
  _system_trig_enabled     = TRUE
  cursor_sharing           = EXACT
  parallel_min_servers     = 0
  parallel_max_servers     = 8
  background_dump_dest     = /orad01/proddb/9.2.0/admin/WMPROD_wmoprod/bdump
  user_dump_dest           = /orad01/proddb/9.2.0/admin/WMPROD_wmoprod/udump
  max_dump_file_size       = 20480
  core_dump_dest           = /orad01/proddb/9.2.0/admin/WMPROD_wmoprod/cdump
  optimizer_features_enable= 9.2.0
  db_name                  = WMPROD
  open_cursors             = 600
  ifile                    = /orad01/proddb/9.2.0/dbs/WMPROD_wmoprod_ifile.ora
  sql_trace                = FALSE
  _sort_elimination_cost_ratio= 5
  _b_tree_bitmap_plans     = FALSE
  _fast_full_scan_enabled  = FALSE
  optimizer_max_permutations= 2000
  query_rewrite_enabled    = true
  _index_join_enabled      = FALSE
  _sqlexec_progression_cost= 2147483647
  _like_with_bind_as_equality= TRUE
  pga_aggregate_target     = 1073741824
  workarea_size_policy     = AUTO
  aq_tm_processes          = 1
  olap_page_pool_size      = 4194304
PMON started with pid=2, OS id=12889
DBW0 started with pid=3, OS id=12891
LGWR started with pid=4, OS id=12893
CKPT started with pid=5, OS id=12895
SMON started with pid=6, OS id=12897
RECO started with pid=7, OS id=12899
CJQ0 started with pid=8, OS id=12901
QMN0 started with pid=9, OS id=12903
Wed Aug  1 11:28:22 2012
ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Wed Aug  1 11:28:26 2012
Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 2766889558
Wed Aug  1 11:28:26 2012
Database mounted in Exclusive Mode.
Completed: ALTER DATABASE   MOUNT
Wed Aug  1 11:28:26 2012
ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Wed Aug  1 11:28:26 2012
Beginning crash recovery of 1 threads
Wed Aug  1 11:28:26 2012
Started redo scan
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Completed redo scan
 8 redo blocks read, 10 data blocks need recovery
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Started recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 3301, block 85234, scn 0.0
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Recovery of Online Redo Log: Thread 1 Group 9 Seq 3301 Reading mem 0
  Mem# 0 errs 0: /orad03/proddata/log09a.dbf
  Mem# 1 errs 0: /orad03/proddata/log09b.dbf
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Completed redo application
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Ended recovery at
 Thread 1: logseq 3301, block 85242, scn 1.1103123630
 10 data blocks read, 10 data blocks written, 8 redo blocks read
Crash recovery completed successfully
Wed Aug  1 11:28:27 2012
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 3302
Thread 1 opened at log sequence 3302
  Current log# 5 seq# 3302 mem# 0: /orad03/proddata/log05a.dbf
  Current log# 5 seq# 3302 mem# 1: /orad03/proddata/log05b.dbf
Successful open of redo thread 1
Wed Aug  1 11:28:28 2012
MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set
Wed Aug  1 11:28:28 2012
SMON: enabling cache recovery
Wed Aug  1 11:28:28 2012
Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1.
Wed Aug  1 11:28:28 2012
SMON: enabling tx recovery
Wed Aug  1 11:28:28 2012
Database Characterset is UTF8
replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found)
Completed: ALTER DATABASE OPEN
Shutting down instance: further logons disabled
Shutting down instance (normal)
License high water mark = 3
Wed Aug  1 11:28:47 2012
ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
Wed Aug  1 11:28:47 2012
SMON: disabling tx recovery
SMON: disabling cache recovery
Wed Aug  1 11:28:48 2012
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
Thread 1 closed at log sequence 3302
Successful close of redo thread 1
Wed Aug  1 11:28:48 2012
Completed: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL
Wed Aug  1 11:28:48 2012
ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
Completed: ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT
ARCH: Archiving is disabled
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active
ARCH: Archiving is disabled
Shutting down archive processes
Archiving is disabled
Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active

wide lens

這是一篇舊文，供參考。 


用了Wate 16-18-21mm Tri-Elmar M 鏡4年，沒有直接和其它Super wide 比較過，
最近費了點時間和手上的超廣角鏡比較，全用M8，鏡頭如下： 
1. 16mm-Zeiss ZM 15/2.8 Distagon，Contax G16/8 Hologon。 
2. 18mm-Zeiss ZM 18/4 Distagon。 
3. 21mm-Leica M21/3.4 Super Angulon，M21/2.8 Elmarit，
Contax RF 21/4.5 Biogon (+adapter)， Contax G21/2.8 Biogon (已改成M mount)。 


16mm焦段 
角度 (廠家規格)：ZM 15/2.8 110°，Wate 16mm 107°，G16/8 106°。 
實際影像：當然是ZM15/2.8最廣，G16/8比Wate稍廣，不知是那支鏡頭規格有誤差。 
解像力：F4時中心部分：ZM 15/2.8=Wate。 
F4邊緣部分：二支鏡大致相同，這和以前使用菲林的印像有點出入，當時是ZM 15/2.8邊角稍好於Wate，
可能是1.33裁放的影响。 
F8時時中心部分：G16/8>ZM15/2.8>Wate，但相差極微。 
F8邊緣部分：三支鏡大致相同，可能是1.33裁放的影响。 
反差 (大→小)：ZM15/2.8>Wate>G16/8。 
變形 (大→小)：Wate> ZM15/2.8> G16/8。 
暗角 (大→小)：G16/8>ZM15/2.8>Wate。即使两支Zeiss鏡加上中灰鏡，Wate的暗角依然比較小。 
色調 (暖→冷)：G16/8→ZM15/2.8→Wate。 


18mm焦段 
角度 (廠家規格)：Wate 18mm 97°，ZM18/4 98°。 
實際影像：Wate比ZM18/4稍稍廣了一點，不知是那支鏡頭規格有誤差。 
解像力：F4時中心部分：Wate比ZM18/4稍稍好了一點點。 
F4邊緣部分：二支鏡大致相同。 
F8時中心部分：ZM18/4比Wate好。 
F8邊緣部分：ZM18/4比Wate好一點點。 
反差 (大→小)：Wate>ZM18/4。 
變形 (大→小)：Wate>ZM18/4。 
暗角 (大→小)：ZM18/4>Wate。 
色調 (暖→冷)：ZM18/4→Wate。 


21mm焦段 
角度 (廠家規格) ：Wate @21mm 92°，M21/3.4SA 92°，M21/2.8 92°，C21/4.5 RF 90°， 
                       G21/2.8 90°。 
實際影像：Wate@21mm角度>M21/2.8=C21/4.5 RF>G21/2.8>M21/3.4。 
從影像上來看，如果Wate @21mm是準的話¬¬，估計M21/3.4是22mm焦距左右。 
解像力(高→低)： 
F4時中心部分：C21/4.5 RF=G21/2.8>M21/3.4>M21/2.8=Wate。 
F4邊緣部分：Wate>M21/2.8>C21/4.5 RF>G21/2.8>M21/3.4。 
F8時中心部分：G21/2.8=C21/4.5 RF> (極少) M21/3.4> (極少) Wate=M21/2.8。 
F8邊緣部分：M21/2.8=C21/4.5 RF>Wate>G21/2.8=M21/3.4。 
反差 (高→低) ：G21/2.8>Wate>M21/2.8>M21/3.4SA>C21/4.5 RF。 
變形 (大→小) ：M21/3.4 SA=Wate>M21/2.8> G21/2.8>C21/4.5 RF。 
暗角 (大→小) ： 
全開光圈：G21/2.8>C21/4.5 RF>M21/3.4>M21/2.8>Wate。 
F4/4.5：C21/4.5>G21/2.8=M21/3.4>M21/2.8>Wate。 
色調 (暖→冷) ：C21/4.5→M21/3.4SA=G21/2.8→M21/2.8→Wate。 
使用ASPH鏡頭在大太陽下拍攝，高光位容易過爆，暗位細節不足，特別是使用菲林時，用M8好像好了點。
但在室內或低光的情况拍攝，結果就完全不同了，高光位和暗位細節都非常好。
ASPH鏡頭在全開光圈時解像力已很好，收細光圈後，通常都是增加邊緣解像力，中心部分改進很少。
這是自己使用ASPH鏡頭的一點經驗，各位兄弟有其它看法，請予分享。